The pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles (c. 440 BC) "believed that everything was composed of the simplest parts of the four elements: fire, air, earth, water...Empedocles believed that he needed to posit two forces to explain change and movement. These he called LOVE and STRIFE [adapted by Freud as EROS and THANATOS]...the first theory of evolution developed out of Empedocles' system. Love brings together certain kinds of monsters. '...many heads grew up without necks and arms were wandering about naked, bereft of shoulders, and eyes roamed about alone with no foreheads" Donald Palmer, 1994. The Unbearable Heaviness of Philosophy made Lighter. California: Mayfield p 30 (illustration p. 31).
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